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"Santa" redirects here. For other uses see Santa .
For other uses see Santa Claus .
1881 illustration by Thomas Nast who with Clement Clarke Moore helped to create the modern image of Santa Claus
Santa Claus also known as Saint Nicholas Father Christmas Kris Kringle or simply "Santa" is the figure who in Western cultures is described as bringing gifts on Christmas Eve December 24 1 or on his Feast Day December 6. 2 The legend may have its basis in hagiographical tales concerning the historical figure of Saint Nicholas.
The modern depiction of Santa Claus as a fat jolly man wearing a red coat and trousers with white cuffs and collar and black leather belt and boots became popular in the United States in the 19th century due to the significant influence of caricaturist and political cartoonist Thomas Nast. 3 This image has been maintained and reinforced through song radio television and films. In the United Kingdom and Europe his depiction is often identical to the American Santa but he is commonly called Father Christmas.
One legend associated with Santa says that he lives in the far north in a land of perpetual snow. The American version of Santa Claus lives at the North Pole while Father Christmas is said to reside in Lapland. Other details include: that he is married and lives with Mrs. Claus; that he makes a list of children throughout the world categorizing them according to their behavior; that he delivers presents including toys candy and other presents to all of the good boys and girls in the world and sometimes coal or sticks to the naughty children in one night; and that he accomplishes this feat with the aid of magical elves who make the toys and eight or nine flying reindeer who pull his sleigh. 4 5
There has long been opposition to teaching children to believe in Santa Claus. Some Christians say the Santa tradition detracts from the religious origins and purpose of Christmas. Other critics feel that Santa Claus is an elaborate lie and that it is unethical for parents to teach their children to believe in his existence. 6 Still others oppose Santa Claus as a symbol of the commercialization of the Christmas holiday or as an intrusion upon their own national traditions. 7
